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Check out these Surveillance Cameras images:
Redundant Streetlight-Mounted Surveillance Cameras at Pennsylvania Avenue, NW & Third Street, NW (Washington, DC)
Image by takomabibelot
Or is it a light-of-sight issue?
Or is the grey one with the antenna (just hidden behind the upper pole) a pilot project?
Or are they run by competing agencies?
Or … ?
Orwell#02
Image by El Zoid [philozei]
Camera: Comet NK 135
Film: Six Gates Films’ Orwell [Agfa Surveillance Film]
Dev: R09
Italy 2015
Think it or not, alarms are not the finish all or be all of residence security.
Alarm gadgets galore
The truth of the matter is that there are lots of other security devices that could be set up in your home that has the capability to steer clear of burglars from acquiring in your residence. A lot of these security devices are economical and standard.
Protected entrance points
The element to property safety is by securing any and all entry points. This basically imply that doors should consist of solid and robust material (not glass or plastic) and ought to be secured effectively to the door hinges and should have locks that are resistant to tampering.
It is fundamentally excellent that there is an additional deadbolt that is put in the doors throughout the night therefore must be created from metal that is strong.
Safe windows
Likewise, windows have to be constructed out of challenging glass, preferably glass that is double glazed that it is not possible to be broken in. Locks for windows aren’t frequent however they help drastically in safety.
Shield the garden
Securing the garden is likewise achievable. There are burglars who get in via the back than the front home.
Fences of homes need to therefore be high as well as measures to prevent climbing up need to also be set up. This consists of paint that has anti-climbing properties as nicely as spikes.
Hedges may well also be employed rather of fences.
Get a house safety canine
This is another measure that could be completed. Acquiring a residence security pet is an innovative technique to safeguard your house and utilize it versus any robbers or intruders.
Trespassers normally don’t wish to especially mess around with canines.
Putting up a Be careful of Dog poster is also a reliable way to divert burglars away. Maintain in mind that lap dogs are not great residence safety dogs as they normally never seem scary.
German shepherds are much better property security pet dogs than any other essentially due to the fact of the pet dogs huge size as effectively as their quite sturdy residence safety canine guard instincts that naturally make them hostile to any full stranger.
All in all, a residence security canine is a a lot greater option and a genuinely practical selection to make sure that the residence is secure and safe.
In addition to obtaining the capacity to guard your property, a home safety pet could also serve to be your bold and constant companion, along with guard, each in the house and exterior.
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dometic – Bing News
Social Media Obsessed? This Year, Get Paid to Post
We"ll always remember when Jeffrey Campbell, Betsey Johnson, and Rebecca Minkoff posted about us. After attending several fashion events, we were surprised when designers would approach us to style their lookbook or campaign based solely off of our …
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5 Lessons Event Pros Can Learn From Retailers
Microsoft isn"t the only company rejiggering its retail stores—both online and off. Many big-name brands and labels like Sephora and Rebecca Minkoff are testing out interactive and immersive experiences, hoping they"ll pay off in sales, positive word …
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The New York Times bestselling author of Eat to Live and Super Immunity and one of the country’s leading experts on preventive medicine offers a scientifically proven, practical program to prevent and reverse diabetes—without drugs.At last, a breakthrough program to combat the rising diabetes epidemic and help millions of diabetics, as well as those suffering with high blood pressure and heart disease. Joel Fuhrman, M.D. Research director of the Nutritional Research Foundation, shows you how
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Image from page 355 of “The Suburbanite; a monthly magazine for those who are and those who ought to in interested in suburban homes” (1904)
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Identifier: suburbanitemonth07cent
Title: The Suburbanite; a monthly magazine for those who are and those who ought to in interested in suburban homes
Year: 1904 (1900s)
Authors: Central railroad of New Jersey. [from old catalog]
Subjects: New Jersey — Description and travel. [from old catalog] New York (City) — Suburbs. [from old catalog]
Publisher: [New York]
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: Sloan Foundation
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& Company Wholcialc and Rciail Dcaleri tn CIGARS and TOHACCO Cp Imp ■ 1 »nd Enaliih 5~N b Bri.>- cr» Aniclti i—^ 81 CORTLANDT ST.. NEW VOKK ALSO CORNER PARK ROW »nd ANN STREET Goaland Iron National Bank Hi Liberty Street, New YorkI )ppoiiie Ferry, Centr.il R. R. of N. J. Most Convenient Bank in New York for New Icr>cy(ij*r iimrrs SAFE DEPOSIT VAULTS For Safe keeping o( Securities. Valuables, etc. HOYT SHORT LAI-OAK TANNKl) LEATIIEP. B E LTIN G One Grade niNT STONK ■ Tl,,»- I ^^l I** EDWARD R.LADEW FAYtRWHATHER 6 LAOEW j S.UiOllicr«, 91 Liberty Street. New York City l-ITTMiriKill _»N rMtt.*li«l.rMlAHVW-AHK 28 THE SUBURBANITE LAKEWOOD The Fashionable Winter Resort of America REACHED ONLY BY NEW JERSEY CENTRAL Best Hotels -^ Golf ^ Polo ^ Outdoor Sports BOOKLET ON APPLICATION TO C M. BURT, GENERAL PASSENGERAGENT M3 LIBERTY STREET, NEW YORK CITY ■iiiiimiH UNITED STATES EXPRESS COMPANY For%>ardersto allparts ofthe l»orld MONEY ORDERS SOLD, PAYABLE EVERY. WHERE
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Money byTtlegraph The United States Express Companys Exclusive Fast Express Trains Afford Superior Facilities UNSURPASSED SERVICE TO SUBURBAN POINTSGENERAL OFFICES: 47-49 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY AMSTERDAM PHESS. N. ^•^
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Image from page 495 of “Queen Victoria, her grand life and glorious reign; a complete story of the career of the marvelous queen and empress, and a life of the new king, Edward VII, with a brief history of England” (1901)
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Identifier: queenvictoriaher00coul
Title: Queen Victoria, her grand life and glorious reign; a complete story of the career of the marvelous queen and empress, and a life of the new king, Edward VII, with a brief history of England
Year: 1901 (1900s)
Authors: Coulter, John, ed Victoria, Queen of Great Britain, 1819-1901 Cooper, John A. (John Alexander), b. 1868, joint ed
Subjects:
Publisher: [Chicago, H. Neil]
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: Sloan Foundation
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HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCE ALBERT, THEQUEENS CONSORT.
Text Appearing After Image:
FIRST OF THE TUDORS. 515 England; and the steady refusal of Edward IV. to suffer Louis to attackthe Duchy showed the English sense of its value. Under its new King, however, Charles VIII., France showed her pur-pose of annexing Brittany. Henry was driven to find allies in the stateswhich equally dreaded the French advance, in the house of Austria and inthe new power of Spain, to call on Parliament for supplies, and to cross thechannel in 1492 with twenty-five thousand men. But his allies failed him;and troubles at home brought Henry to listen to terms of peace on pay-ment of a heavy subsidy. The same political forecast, winning from very danger the elements offuture security, was seen in the Kings dealings with Scotland. From themoment England finally abandoned the fruitless effort to subdue it thestory of Scotland had been a miserable one. Whatever peace might be concluded, a sleepless dread of the old dangerfrom the south tied the country to an alliance with France, and this allianc
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Image from page 368 of “North Carolina Christian advocate [serial]” (1894)
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Identifier: northcarolinachr46unit
Title: North Carolina Christian advocate [serial]
Year: 1894 (1890s)
Authors: United Methodist Church (U.S.). North Carolina Conference United Methodist Church (U.S.). Western North Carolina Conference
Subjects: United Methodist Church (U.S.). North Carolina Conference United Methodist Church (U.S.). Western North Carolina Conference Methodist Church
Publisher: Greensboro, N.C., Methodist Board of Publication, [etc.]
Contributing Library: Duke Divinity School Library, Duke University
Digitizing Sponsor: Institute of Museum and Library Services, under the provisions of the Library Services and Technology Act, administered by the State Library of North Carolina. Grant issued to Duke University for the Religion in North Carolina project.
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National Lead Co., 100 William Street, New York. NEW MUSIC. Three Cheers for Carolina, a cheerful, catchy, spicysong, especially dedicated totheCarolinas; promulgatingtheir prosperity, advantages, patriotism, complimentingtheir ladies, etc , etc. Ask your music dealer for it, orsend 25c. to J. S Leonard, Statesville, N. C, for a sam-ple copy. PIANOS &~ORGANS. If you wish to buy a piano or organ, or want one tunedor repaired, apply to J. S. LEONARD, aori7-3m. Statesville, N. C. THE MANTELBUSINESS. . . . Is 110 side issue with us, butgets our exclusive time andthought. Selling you we sellyour friends. This accountsfor the extraordinary pricethat we can afford to give.Give us a trial.iu^ – If youare interested send for Cata-logue No. n»
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•t In 218 S. Blm St., Greensboro, N. C. writing mention Nortn CaroiinaJChristian Advocate.j CITY NATIONAL BANK, Of Greensboro, N. C. -WITH A Capital Surplus and ProfitsTotal Assets over 0,000 0013,000 00500,000 00 Offers more security to depositors than any bank inGreensboro. Accounts of Individuals, flerchants, Firmsand Corporations are handled with care and economy. GIVE US YOUR BUSINESS. j. M. WALKER, President. LEE H. BATTLE, Cashier. DIRECTORS: J. M. Walker, S. L. Trogrdon, J. A. Hod gin, J. S. Hunter,L. Shields. J. Van Lindley, Dr. Dred Peacock, R. W. Brooks, J. N- Wyllie.jan 24-ly. 12 NORTH CABO UNA OHKISTIAN ADVOCATE, JUNE 12, 1901 W. H. M. SOCIETY. MRS. T. 0. COZART, Editor, Winston, N. C.The Womans Home Mission Society. This vigorous and growing organiza-tion met at St. Johns Church, St. Louis,May 3-9. Fourteen States and Terri-tories were represented by more thanme hundred delegates. A hearty greet-ing was given them by the St. LouisMethodists under the leadership of M
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Do you want to keep a natural blackhead remover?
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A few nice Surveillance Cameras images I found:
Q1162920
Image by rclatter
OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA
Zoo FFM-28003-14-2014.jpg
Image by Balbidur
Christiansborg @ Slotsholmen
Image by *Panopticon*
Ombre
Image by triplyksis
Outfit details: www.itsbecauseithinktoomuch.com/2012/12/ombre.html
Tomorrow Secures Funding, Plans to Offer Full Service to Designers
SHOW TIME: The international showroom Tomorrow, which represents labels including Derek Lam, Rebecca Minkoff and Markus Lupfer, is shifting into high gear with new investment from the private equity house Three Hills Capital Partners. This week …
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Inside Rebecca Minkoff"s Closet Makeover
When you get the chance to take a tour of Rebecca Minkoff"s closet, you don"t pass it up. Her gorgeous space did not disappoint thanks to Laurel & Wolf, a virtual interior design company. The innovative service transformed her walk-in closet from a …
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Diabetes Bag Wallet Organizer. Insulin Tray. Durable Case. Freezer pack. Two clear pockets and a meter compartment to organize supplies for the day. Size 7 inch x 3 inch x 2 inch. Color: Black.
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Diabetic Organizer Cooler Bag- for insulin & supply kits,w/ 2x ice pack -black
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There are a variety of acne treatments available these days for individuals who need help ridding themselves of this type of unsightly blemish. The difficult decision is what type of acne treatment will be right for you. There are a few factors to consider …
acne treatment – Bing News
Home security goods differ from inanimate objects to animals to detailed automated systems that manage virtually almost everything in the home. Burglars and burglars typically select easy targets. Something that makes it much less effortless to access a home or house is a prospective deterrent.
Basic property security items consist of yard indications and window decals proclaiming that an alarm is in use when it really is not actually. Fake security video cameras work the same strategy. Realistic looking fake safety cams give the impression that the location is beneath surveillance.
Plants can be residence safety products when place in a strategy that discourages intruders and trespassers. Sharp plants that are excellent for planting about the limit of residence and yard consist of Berberis, Chaenomeles, Gorse, Sea Buckthorn, and shrub roses.
Irritable hedges are also outstanding property safety items. Common ones consist of Hawthorn, Holly, and Rosa Rugosa.
Some house owners purchase ‘beware of pet dog’ signs to imply that a watchdog is on the properties. Depending on regional law, publishing a ‘beware of canine’ sign if a canine is present can nonetheless lead to legal concerns if the pet bites somebody.
Merely the presence of outside pet dogs is usually sufficient to alert property owners of the presence of feasible burglars. Pet dogs that do not seem to be friendly, even if they are, are likewise an integrated deterrent.
Geese make exceptional outside alarms. They can also require far more care than inanimate house safety things.
Outdoors home security items include lights with movement sensors connected. These lights are activated by movement. Mounting them near the garage, front porch and other places will avoid potential burglars.
Some motion detection lighting can be set to consider outside household pets. Some variations of the motion detector lighting deals with a heat sensor. Pets and small animals do not set it off even though human beings contain enough body heat to trigger the sensing unit.
Basic, portable door and window alarms are available. These are truly transportable and can utilised in hotel rooms, and so on. This kind of alarm can rapidly be connected to outbuildings such as garden sheds. A loud alarm triggers if somebody tries the door.
Indoor residence safety items incorporate specific alarms and defense devices and total residence safety bundles. Individual home security things include safes, smoke alarm, carbon monoxide gas detectors, movement sensing units and windows and door sensors.
Making use of a safe, massive or small, for the storage of essential documents is an simple house safety item selection. Collectors will find a sturdy protected crucial in securing stamps, coins and other modest things. Large safes are also available and more costly.
Chest type freezers can be produced use of for the security of files stored in tight, water resistant containers. Writers have lengthy shared the routine of putting personal computer disks and even complete manuscripts in the freezer for protection in case of fire. Freezers won’t offer you the protection that a high degree ranked protected will, but they do offer some protection.
Smoke detectors and carbon monoxide detectors can now be acquired in a single mixture unit. Some function emergency lighting to help light exit paths in case of emergencies. Wireless devices can be very easily installed and operated on battery.
Easy house security merchandise do not have to cost a lot or require specialist installation. Property owners can use plants, loved ones pets and other options to add a layer of defense about creating.
Copyright Broad Institute, 2013. All civil liberties set aside.
Their immune systems’ responses to microorganisms in the digestion system outcome in persistent swelling and also lead to inflammatory bowel illness. In this 2011 Midsummer Nights’ Science lecture, Wendy Garrett reviews inflammatory bowel illness, digestive tract microbial neighborhoods, and also present clinical initiatives to recognize the function of digestive tract microorganisms in this illness.
-Human Microbiome Project (http://www.broadinstitute.org/node/804/).
-Broad newspaper article (http://www.broadinstitute.org/node/4199/).
-Education (http://www.broadinstitute.org/node/635/).
-Broad Institute Midsummer Nights’ Science collection (http://www.broadinstitute.org/midsummer).
A few nice Surveillance Cameras images I found:
Surveillance (4466)
Image by harry.kontos
Metro Platform – Surveillance camera
Image by godzax
Surveillance (4476)
Image by harry.kontos
Sugar-free no longer equals taste-free! Popular food blogger Brenda Bennett uses natural sweeteners like honey and coconut sugar to create delicious and wholesome recipes that will satisfy even the pickiest of eaters, such as French Toast Sticks and Crock Pot Pulled Pork. Many recipes are also low carb and diabetic friendly using natural sugar free substitutes like stevia in amazing recipes such as, Chocolate Pumpkin Cream Filled Cupcakes and Mocha Ice Cream. You and your family will finally enj
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Avery Dennison Retail Branding and Information Solutions Enhances the Consumer …
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Marine Week Boston, 2010: Bell-Boeing MV-22B Osprey tilt-rotor aircraft taking off from Boston Common
Image by Chris Devers
Pasted from Wikipedia: Bell-Boeing V-22 Osprey
• • • • •
The Bell-Boeing V-22 Osprey is a multi-mission, military, tiltrotor aircraft with both a vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL), and short takeoff and landing (STOL) capability. It is designed to combine the functionality of a conventional helicopter with the long-range, high-speed cruise performance of a turboprop aircraft.
The V-22 originated from the U.S. Department of Defense Joint-service Vertical take-off/landing Experimental (JVX) aircraft program started in 1981. It was developed jointly by the Bell Helicopter, and Boeing Helicopters team, known as Bell Boeing, which produce the aircraft.[4] The V-22 first flew in 1989, and began years of flight testing and design alterations.
The United States Marine Corps began crew training for the Osprey in 2000, and fielded it in 2007. The Osprey’s other operator, the U.S. Air Force fielded their version of the tiltrotor in 2009. Since entering service with the U.S. Marine Corps and Air Force, the Osprey has been deployed for combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Contents
• 1 Development
•• 1.1 Early development
•• 1.2 Flight testing and design changes
•• 1.3 Controversy
•• 1.4 Recent development
• 2 Design
• 3 Operational history
•• 3.1 US Marine Corps
•• 3.2 US Air Force
•• 3.3 Potential operators
• 4 Variants
• 5 Operators
• 6 Notable accidents
• 7 Specifications (MV-22B)
• 8 Notable appearances in media
• 9 See also
• 10 References
• 11 External links
Development
Early development
The failure of the Iran hostage rescue mission in 1980 demonstrated to the United States military a need[5] for "a new type of aircraft, that could not only take off and land vertically but also could carry combat troops, and do so at speed."[6] The U.S. Department of Defense began the Joint-service Vertical take-off/landing Experimental (JVX) aircraft program in 1981, under U.S. Army leadership. Later the U.S. Navy/Marine Corps took the lead.[7][8] The JVX combined requirements from the Marine Corps, Air Force, Army and Navy.[9][10] A request for proposals (RFP) was issued in December 1982 for JVX preliminary design work. Interest in the program was expressed by Aérospatiale, Bell Helicopter, Boeing Vertol, Grumman, Lockheed, and Westland. The DoD pushed for contractors to form teams. Bell partnered with Boeing Vertol. The Bell Boeing team submitted a proposal for a enlarged version of the Bell XV-15 prototype on 17 February 1983. This was the only proposal received and a preliminary design contract was awarded on 26 April 1983.[11][12]
The JVX aircraft was designated V-22 Osprey on 15 January 1985; by March that same year the first six prototypes were being produced, and Boeing Vertol was expanded to deal with the project workload.[13][14] Work has been split evenly between Bell and Boeing. Bell Helicopter manufactures and integrates the wing, nacelles, rotors, drive system, tail surfaces, and aft ramp, as well as integrates the Rolls-Royce engines and performs final assembly. Boeing Helicopters manufactures and integrates the fuselage, cockpit, avionics, and flight controls.[4][15] The USMC variant of the Osprey received the MV-22 designation and the Air Force variant received CV-22; reversed from normal procedure to prevent Marine Ospreys from having a conflicting designation with aircraft carriers (CV).[16] Full-scale development of the V-22 tilt-rotor aircraft began in 1986.[2] On 3 May 1986 the Bell-Boeing partnership was awarded a .714 billion contract for V-22 aircraft by the Navy, thus at this point the project had acquisition plans with all four arms of the U.S. military.[17]
The first V-22 was rolled out with significant media attention in May 1988.[18][19] However the project suffered several political blows. Firstly in the same year, the Army left the program, citing a need to focus its budget on more immediate aviation programs.[20] The project also faced considerable dialogue in the Senate, surviving two votes that both could have resulted in cancellation.[21][22] Despite the Senate’s decision, the Department of Defense instructed the Navy not to spend more money on the Osprey.[23] At the same time, the Bush administration sought the cancellation of the project.[23]
Flight testing and design changes
The first of six MV-22 prototypes first flew on 19 March 1989 in the helicopter mode,[24] and on 14 September 1989 as a fixed-wing plane.[25] The third and fourth prototypes successfully completed the Osprey’s first Sea Trials on the USS Wasp in December 1990.[26] However, the fourth and fifth prototypes crashed in 1991-92.[27] Flight tests were resumed in August 1993 after changes were incorporated in the prototypes.[2] From October 1992 until April 1993, Bell and Boeing redesigned the V-22 to reduce empty weight, simplify manufacture and reduce production costs. This redesigned version became the B-model.[28]
Flight testing of four full-scale development V-22s began in early 1997 when the first pre-production V-22 was delivered to the Naval Air Warfare Test Center, Naval Air Station Patuxent River, Maryland. The first EMD flight took place on 5 February 1997. The first of four low rate initial production aircraft, ordered on 28 April 1997, was delivered on 27 May 1999. Osprey number 10 completed the program’s second Sea Trials, this time from the USS Saipan in January 1999.[2] During external load testing in April 1999, Boeing used a V-22 to lift and transport the M777 howitzer.[29] In 2000, Boeing announced that the V-22 would be fitted with a nose-mounted GAU-19 Gatling gun,[30] but the GAU-19 gun was later canceled.[31]
In 2000, there were two further fatal crashes, killing a total of 19 Marines, and the production was again halted while the cause of these crashes was investigated and various parts were redesigned.[32] The V-22 completed its final operational evaluation in June 2005. The evaluation was deemed successful; events included long range deployments, high altitude, desert and shipboard operations. The problems identified in various accidents had been addressed.[33]
Controversy
The V-22’s development process has been long and controversial, partly due to its large cost increases.[34] When the development budget, first planned for .5 billion in 1986, increased to a projected billion in 1988, then-Defense Secretary Dick Cheney tried to zero out its funding. He was eventually overruled by Congress.[32] As of 2008, billion have been spent on the Osprey program and another .2 billion will be required to complete planned production numbers by the end of the program.[2]
The V-22 squadron’s former commander at Marine Corps Air Station New River, Lt. Colonel Odin Lieberman, was relieved of duty in 2001 after allegations that he instructed his unit that they needed to falsify maintenance records to make the plane appear more reliable.[2][35] Three officers were later implicated in the falsification scandal.[34]
The aircraft is incapable of autorotation, and is therefore unable to land safely in helicopter mode if both engines fail. A director of the Pentagon’s testing office in 2005 said that if the Osprey loses power while flying like a helicopter below 1,600 feet (490 m), emergency landings "are not likely to be survivable". But Captain Justin (Moon) McKinney, a V-22 pilot, says that this will not be a problem, "We can turn it into a plane and glide it down, just like a C-130".[31] A complete loss of power would require the failure of both engines, as a drive shaft connects the nacelles through the wing; one engine can power both proprotors.[36] While vortex ring state (VRS) contributed to a deadly V-22 accident, the aircraft is less susceptible to the condition than conventional helicopters and recovers more quickly.[5] The Marines now train new pilots in the recognition of and recovery from VRS and have instituted operational envelope limits and instrumentation to help pilots avoid VRS conditions.[32][37]
It was planned in 2000 to equip all V-22s with a nose-mounted Gatling gun, to provide "the V-22 with a strong defensive firepower capability to greatly increase the aircraft’s survivability in hostile actions."[30] The nose gun project was canceled however, leading to criticism by retired Marine Corps Commandant General James L. Jones, who is not satisfied with the current V-22 armament.[31] A belly-mounted turret was later installed on some of the first V-22s sent to the War in Afghanistan in 2009.[38]
With the first combat deployment of the MV-22 in October 2007, Time Magazine ran an article condemning the aircraft as unsafe, overpriced, and completely inadequate.[31] The Marine Corps, however, responded with the assertion that much of the article’s data were dated, obsolete, inaccurate, and reflected expectations that ran too high for any new field of aircraft.[39]
Recent development
On 28 September 2005, the Pentagon formally approved full-rate production for the V-22.[40] The plan is to boost production from 11 a year to between 24 and 48 a year by 2012. Of the 458 total planned, 360 are for the Marine Corps, 48 for the Navy, and 50 for the Air Force at an average cost of 0 million per aircraft, including development costs.[2] The V-22 had an incremental flyaway cost of million per aircraft in 2007,[3] but the Navy hopes to shave about million off that cost after a five-year production contract starts in 2008.[41]
The Bell-Boeing Joint Project Office in Amarillo, Texas will design a new integrated avionics processor to resolve electronics obsolescence issues and add new network capabilities.[42]
Design
The Osprey is the world’s first production tiltrotor aircraft, with one three-bladed proprotor, turboprop engine, and transmission nacelle mounted on each wingtip. It is classified as a powered lift aircraft by the Federal Aviation Administration.[43] For takeoff and landing, it typically operates as a helicopter with the nacelles vertical (rotors horizontal). Once airborne, the nacelles rotate forward 90° in as little as 12 seconds for horizontal flight, converting the V-22 to a more fuel-efficient, higher-speed turboprop airplane. STOL rolling-takeoff and landing capability is achieved by having the nacelles tilted forward up to 45°. For compact storage and transport, the V-22’s wing rotates to align, front-to-back, with the fuselage. The proprotors can also fold in a sequence taking 90 seconds.[44]
Most Osprey missions will use fixed wing flight 75 percent or more of the time, reducing wear and tear on the aircraft and reducing operational costs.[45] This fixed wing flight is higher than typical helicopter missions allowing longer range line-of-sight communications and so improved command and control.[2] Boeing has stated the V-22 design loses 10% of its vertical lift over a Tiltwing design when operating in helicopter mode because of airflow resistance due to the wings, but that the Tiltrotor design has better short takeoff and landing performance.[46]
The V-22 is equipped with a glass cockpit, which incorporates four Multi-function displays (MFDs) and one shared Central Display Unit (CDU), allowing the pilots to display a variety of images including: digimaps centered or decentered on current position, FLIR imagery, primary flight instruments, navigation (TACAN, VOR, ILS, GPS, INS), and system status. The flight director panel of the Cockpit Management System (CMS) allows for fully-coupled (aka: autopilot) functions which will take the aircraft from forward flight into a 50-foot hover with no pilot interaction other than programming the system.[47] The glass cockpit of the canceled CH-46X was derived from the V-22.[48]
The V-22 is a fly-by-wire aircraft with triple-redundant flight control systems.[49] With the nacelles pointing straight up in conversion mode at 90° the flight computers command the aircraft to fly like a helicopter, with cyclic forces being applied to a conventional swashplate at the rotor hub. With the nacelles in airplane mode (0°) the flaperons, rudder, and elevator fly the aircraft like an airplane. This is a gradual transition and occurs over the rotation range of the nacelles. The lower the nacelles, the greater effect of the airplane-mode control surfaces.[50] The nacelles can rotate past vertical to 97.5° for rearward flight.[51][52]
The Osprey can be armed with one M240 7.62x51mm NATO (.308 in caliber) or M2 .50 in caliber (12.7 mm) machine gun on the loading ramp, that can be fired rearward when the ramp is lowered. A GAU-19 three-barrel .50 in gatling gun mounted below the V-22’s nose has also been studied for future upgrade.[31][53] BAE Systems developed a remotely operated turreted weapons system for the V-22,[54] which was installed on half of the first V-22s deployed to Afghanistan in 2009.[38] The 7.62 mm belly gun turret is remotely operated by a gunner inside the aircraft, who acquires targets with a separate pod using color television and forward looking infrared imagery.
U.S. Naval Air Systems Command is working on upgrades to increase the maximum speed from 250 knots (460 km/h; 290 mph) to 270 knots (500 km/h; 310 mph), increase helicopter mode altitude limit from 10,000 feet (3,000 m) to 12,000 feet (3,700 m) or 14,000 feet (4,300 m), and increase lift performance.[55]
Operational history
US Marine Corps
Marine Corps crew training on the Osprey has been conducted by VMMT-204 since March 2000. On 3 June 2005, the Marine Corps helicopter squadron Marine Medium Helicopter 263 (HMM-263), stood down to begin the process of transitioning to the MV-22 Osprey.[56] On 8 December 2005, Lieutenant General Amos, commander of the II MEF, accepted the delivery of the first fleet of MV-22s, delivered to HMM-263. The unit reactivated on 3 March 2006 as the first MV-22 squadron and was redesignated VMM-263. On 31 August 2006, VMM-162 (the former HMM-162) followed suit. On 23 March 2007, HMM-266 became Marine Medium Tiltrotor Squadron 266 (VMM-266) at Marine Corps Air Station New River, North Carolina.[57]
The Osprey has been replacing existing CH-46 Sea Knight squadrons.[58] The MV-22 reached initial operational capability (IOC) with the U.S. Marine Corps on 13 June 2007.[1] On 10 July 2007 an MV-22 Osprey landed aboard the Royal Navy aircraft carrier, HMS Illustrious in the Atlantic Ocean. This marked the first time a V-22 had landed on any non-U.S. vessel.[59]
On 13 April 2007, the U.S. Marine Corps announced that it would be sending ten V-22 aircraft to Iraq, the Osprey’s first combat deployment. Marine Corps Commandant, General James Conway, indicated that over 150 Marines would accompany the Osprey set for September deployment to Al-Asad Airfield.[60][61] On 17 September 2007, ten MV-22Bs of VMM-263 left for Iraq aboard the USS Wasp. The decision to use a ship rather than use the Osprey’s self-deployment capability was made because of concerns over icing during the North Atlantic portion of the trip, lack of available KC-130s for mid-air refueling, and the availability of the USS Wasp.[62]
The Osprey has provided support in Iraq, racking up some 2,000 flight hours over three months with a mission capable availability rate of 68.1% as of late-January 2008.[63] They are primarily used in Iraq’s western Anbar province for routine cargo and troop movements, and also for riskier "aero-scout" missions. General David Petraeus, the top U.S. military commander in Iraq, used one to fly around Iraq on Christmas Day 2007 to visit troops.[64] Then-presidential candidate Barack Obama also flew in Ospreys during his high profile 2008 tour of Iraq.[65]
The only major problem has been obtaining the necessary spare parts to maintain the aircraft.[66] The V-22 had flown 3,000 sorties totaling 5,200 hours in Iraq as of July 2008.[67] USMC leadership expect to deploy MV-22s to Afghanistan in 2009.[66][68] General George J. Trautman, III praised the increased range of the V-22 over the legacy helicopters in Iraq and said that "it turned his battle space from the size of Texas into the size of Rhode Island."[69]
Naval Air Systems Command has devised a temporary fix for sailors to place portable heat shields under Osprey engines to prevent damage to the decks of some of the Navy’s smaller amphibious ships, but they determined that a long term solution to the problem would require these decks be redesigned with heat resistant deck coatings, passive thermal barriers and changes in ship structure in order to operate V-22s and F-35Bs.[70]
A Government Accountability Office study reported that by January 2009 the Marines had 12 MV-22s operating in Iraq and they managed to successfully complete all assigned missions. The same report found that the V-22 deployments had mission capable rates averaging 57% to 68% and an overall full mission capable rate of only 6%. It also stated that the aircraft had shown weakness in situational awareness, maintenance, shipboard operations and the ability to transport troops and external cargo.[71] That study also concluded that the "deployments confirmed that the V-22’s enhanced speed and range enable personnel and internal cargo to be transported faster and farther than is possible with the legacy helicopters it is replacing".[71]
The MV-22 saw its first offensive combat mission, Operation Cobra’s Anger on 4 December 2009. Ospreys assisted in inserting 1,000 Marines and 150 Afghan troops into the Now Zad Valley of Helmand Province in southern Afghanistan to disrupt communication and supply lines of the Taliban.[38] In January 2010 the MV-22 Osprey is being sent to Haiti as part of Operation Unified Response relief efforts after the earthquake there. This will be the first use the Marine V-22 in a humanitarian mission.[72]
US Air Force
The Air Force’s first operational CV-22 Osprey was delivered to the 58th Special Operations Wing (58th SOW) at Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico on 20 March 2006. This and subsequent aircraft will become part of the 58th SOW’s fleet of aircraft used for training pilots and crew members for special operations use.[73] On 16 November 2006, the Air Force officially accepted the CV-22 in a ceremony conducted at Hurlburt Field, Florida.[74]
The US Air Force’s first operational deployment of the Osprey sent four CV-22s to Mali in November 2008 in support of Exercise Flintlock. The CV-22s flew nonstop from Hurlburt Field, Florida with in-flight refueling.[5] AFSOC declared that the 8th Special Operations Squadron reached Initial Operational Capability on 16 March 2009, with six of its planned nine CV-22s operational.[75]
In June 2009, CV-22s of the 8th Special Operations Squadron delivered 43,000 pounds (20,000 kg) of humanitarian supplies to remote villages in Honduras that were not accessible by conventional vehicles.[76] In November 2009, the 8th SO Squadron and its six CV-22s returned from a three-month deployment in Iraq.[77]
The first possible combat loss of an Osprey occurred on 9 April, 2010, as a CV-22 went down near Qalat, Zabul Province, Afghanistan, killing four.[78][79]
Potential operators
In 1999 the V-22 was studied for use in the United Kingdom’s Royal Navy,[80] it has been raised several times as a candidate for the role of Maritime Airborne Surveillance and Control (MASC).[81]
Israel had shown interest in the purchase of MV-22s, but no order was placed.[82][83] Flightglobal reported in late 2009 that Israel has decided to wait for the CH-53K instead.[84]
The V-22 Osprey is a candidate for the Norwegian All Weather Search and Rescue Helicopter (NAWSARH) that is planned to replace the Westland Sea King Mk.43B of the Royal Norwegian Air Force in 2015.[85] The other candidates for the NAWSARH contract of 10-12 helicopters are AgustaWestland AW101 Merlin, Eurocopter EC225, NHIndustries NH90 and Sikorsky S-92.[86]
Bell Boeing has made an unsolicited offer of the V-22 for US Army medical evacuation needs.[87] However the Joint Personnel Recovery Agency issued a report that said that a common helicopter design would be needed for both combat recovery and medical evacuation and that the V-22 would not be suitable for recovery missions because of the difficulty of hoist operations and lack of self-defense capabilities.[88]
The US Navy remains a potential user of the V-22, but its role and mission with the Navy remains unclear. The latest proposal is to replace the C-2 Greyhound with the V-22 in the fleet logistics role. The V-22 would have the advantage of being able to land on and support non-carriers with rapid delivery of supplies and people between the ships of a taskforce or to ships on patrol beyond helicopter range.[89] Loren B. Thompson of the Lexington Institute has suggested V-22s for use in combat search and rescue and Marine One VIP transport, which also need replacement aircraft.[90]
Variants
• V-22A
•• Pre-production full-scale development aircraft used for flight testing. These are unofficially considered A-variants after 1993 redesign.[91]
• HV-22
•• The U.S. Navy considered an HV-22 to provide combat search and rescue, delivery and retrieval of special warfare teams along with fleet logistic support transport. However, it chose the MH-60S for this role in 1992.[92]
• SV-22
•• The proposed anti-submarine warfare Navy variant. The Navy studied the SV-22 in the 1980s to replace S-3 and SH-2 aircraft.[93]
• MV-22B
•• Basic U.S. Marine Corps transport; original requirement for 552 (now 360). The Marine Corps is the lead service in the development of the V-22 Osprey. The Marine Corps variant, the MV-22B, is an assault transport for troops, equipment and supplies, capable of operating from ships or from expeditionary airfields ashore. It is replacing the Marine Corps’ CH-46E[57] and CH-53D.[94]
• CV-22B
•• Air Force variant for the U.S. Special Operations Command (USSOCOM). It will conduct long-range, special operations missions, and is equipped with extra fuel tanks and terrain-following radar.[95][96]
Operators
•• 8th Special Operations Squadron (8 SOS) at Hurlburt Field, Florida
•• 71st Special Operations Squadron (71 SOS) at Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico
•• 20th Special Operations Squadron (20 SOS) at Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico
•• VMM-161
•• VMM-162
•• VMM-261
•• VMM-263
•• VMM-264
•• VMM-266
•• VMM-365
•• VMMT-204 – Training squadron
•• VMX-22 – Marine Tiltrotor Operational Test and Evaluation Squadron
Notable accidents
Main article: Accidents and incidents involving the V-22 Osprey
From 1991 to 2000 there were four significant crashes, and a total of 30 fatalities, during testing.[32] Since becoming operational in 2007, the V-22 has had one possible combat loss due to an unknown cause, no losses due to accidents, and seven other notable, but minor, incidents.
• On 11 June 1991, a mis-wired flight control system led to two minor injuries when the left nacelle struck the ground while the aircraft was hovering 15 feet (4.6 m) in the air, causing it to bounce and catch fire.[97]
• On 20 July 1992, a leaking gearbox led to a fire in the right nacelle, causing the aircraft to drop into the Potomac River in front of an audience of Congressmen and other government officials at Quantico, killing all seven on board and grounding the aircraft for 11 months.[98]
• On 8 April 2000, a V-22 loaded with Marines to simulate a rescue, attempted to land at Marana Northwest Regional Airport in Arizona, stalled when its right rotor entered vortex ring state, rolled over, crashed, and exploded, killing all 19 on board.[37]
• On 11 December 2000, after a catastrophic hydraulic leak and subsequent software instrument failure, a V-22 fell 1,600 feet (490 m) into a forest in Jacksonville, North Carolina, killing all four aboard. This caused the Marine Corps to ground their fleet of eight V-22s, the second grounding that year.[99][100]
Specifications (MV-22B)
Data from Boeing Integrated Defense Systems,[101] Naval Air Systems Command,[102] US Air Force CV-22 fact sheet,[95] Norton,[103] and Bell[104]
General characteristics
• Crew: Four (pilot, copilot and two flight engineers)
• Capacity: 24 troops (seated), 32 troops (floor loaded) or up to 15,000 lb (6,800 kg) of cargo (dual hook)
• Length: 57 ft 4 in (17.5 m)
• Rotor diameter: 38 ft 0 in (11.6 m)
• Wingspan: 45 ft 10 in (14 m)
• Width with rotors: 84 ft 7 in (25.8 m)
• Height: 22 ft 1 in/6.73 m; overall with nacelles vertical (17 ft 11 in/5.5 m; at top of tailfins)
• Disc area: 2,268 ft² (212 m²)
• Wing area: 301.4 ft² (28 m²)
• Empty weight: 33,140 lb (15,032 kg)
• Loaded weight: 47,500 lb (21,500 kg)
• Max takeoff weight: 60,500 lb (27,400 kg)
• Powerplant: 2× Rolls-Royce Allison T406/AE 1107C-Liberty turboshafts, 6,150 hp (4,590 kW) each
Performance
• Maximum speed: 250 knots (460 km/h, 290 mph) at sea level / 305 kn (565 km/h; 351 mph) at 15,000 ft (4,600 m)[105]
• Cruise speed: 241 knots (277 mph, 446 km/h) at sea level
• Range: 879 nmi (1,011 mi, 1,627 km)
• Combat radius: 370 nmi (426 mi, 685 km)
• Ferry range: 1,940 nmi (with auxiliary internal fuel tanks)
• Service ceiling: 26,000 ft (7,925 m)
• Rate of climb: 2,320 ft/min (11.8 m/s)
• Disc loading: 20.9 lb/ft² at 47,500 lb GW (102.23 kg/m²)
• Power/mass: 0.259 hp/lb (427 W/kg)
Armament
• 1× M240 machine gun on ramp, optional
Notable appearances in media
Main article: Aircraft in fiction#V-22 Osprey
See also
• Elizabeth A. Okoreeh-Baah, USMC – first female to pilot a V-22 Osprey
Related development
• Bell XV-15[106]
• Bell/Agusta BA609
• Bell Boeing Quad TiltRotor
Comparable aircraft
Related lists
• List of military aircraft of the United States
• List of VTOL aircraft
References
Bibliography
• Markman, Steve and Bill Holder. "Bell/Boeing V-22 Osprey Tilt-Engine VTOL Transport (U.S.A.)". Straight Up: A History of Vertical Flight. Schiffer Publishing, 2000. ISBN 0-7643-1204-9.
• Norton, Bill. Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey, Tiltrotor Tactical Transport. Midland Publishing, 2004. ISBN 1-85780-165-2.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: V-22 Osprey
• Official Boeing V-22 site
• Official Bell V-22 site
• V-22 Osprey web, and www.history.navy.mil/planes/v-22.html
• CV-22 fact sheet on USAF site
• www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/v-22.htm
• www.airforce-technology.com/projects/osprey/
• Onward and Upward
• "Flight of the Osprey", US Navy video of V-22 operations
CIMG2652
Image by Johannesen
